{"id":2692,"date":"2018-09-26T15:07:18","date_gmt":"2018-09-26T13:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/?p=2692"},"modified":"2018-10-04T22:31:17","modified_gmt":"2018-10-04T20:31:17","slug":"les-decomposeurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/les-decomposeurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Les d\u00e9composeurs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Au sein de la for\u00eat vivent une multitude d&rsquo;animaux&#8230; Les plus nombreux sont ces petits \u00eatres qui se cachent sous nos pieds : les<\/em> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">d\u00e9composeurs<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Qui sont-ils ?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ces petits \u00eatres vivants assurent la d\u00e9composition de la mati\u00e8re organique (en particulier les feuilles mortes tomb\u00e9es au sol) et la transforment en mati\u00e8re min\u00e9rale. Parmi ces d\u00e9composeurs, nous trouvons des vers de terre, des insectes, des acariens, des arachnides, des crustac\u00e9s et des myriapodes.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2807\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Acariens.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"118\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2809\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Cloporte.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"178\" height=\"118\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2810\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Lombric.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"176\" height=\"118\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2812\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Mille-pattes-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Mille-pattes-300x145.jpg 300w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Mille-pattes.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Acariens (&lt;0,2 cm) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Cloporte (&lt;1,5 cm) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ver de terre (&gt;10 cm) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Mille-pattes (&gt;3 cm)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003300\">Cl\u00e9 de d\u00e9termination (classification) :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Pas de pattes : vers de terre ou mollusque<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">3 paires de pattes : insectes (ex : collemboles)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">4 paires de pattes : arachnides (ex : acariens)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">5 \u00e0 7 paires de pattes : crustac\u00e9s (ex : cloportes)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">+ 7 paires de pattes : myriapodes (ex : mille-pattes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Que mangent-t-ils ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Les d\u00e9composeurs se nourrissent essentiellement de d\u00e9bris v\u00e9g\u00e9taux (feuilles mortes, bois&#8230;), de cadavres d&rsquo;animaux ou encore d&rsquo;excr\u00e9ments d&rsquo;animaux constituant la liti\u00e8re du sol. Ils d\u00e9composent ainsi toute cette mati\u00e8re organique en humus. L&rsquo; humus participera alors \u00e0 l&rsquo;approvisionnement des plantes en sels min\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3017 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cycle-d\u00e9composition-des-feuilles--300x277.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"316\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cycle-d\u00e9composition-des-feuilles--300x277.gif 300w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/cycle-d\u00e9composition-des-feuilles--270x250.gif 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 La d\u00e9composition de la mati\u00e8re organique<\/em> \u00a0 &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&gt;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3014 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Capture-sch\u00e9ma-300x82.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"354\" height=\"97\" srcset=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Capture-sch\u00e9ma-300x82.png 300w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Capture-sch\u00e9ma.png 582w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"float: none;background-color: transparent;color: #333333;font-family: 'Open Sans';font-size: 16px;font-style: italic;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: center;text-decoration: none;text-indent: 0px\"><span style=\"font-family: Open Sans\">&lt;&#8212;&#8212;- <\/span><\/span><i>Intervention des d\u00e9composeurs dans le cycle de la<\/i> <em>d\u00e9composition<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Qui les mange ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3020 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/qui-les-mange-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"495\" height=\"342\" srcset=\"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/qui-les-mange-300x207.jpg 300w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/qui-les-mange-768x531.jpg 768w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/qui-les-mange-1024x708.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/qui-les-mange.jpg 1205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9composeurs ont de nombreux pr\u00e9dateurs comme des mammif\u00e8res ( la taupe, la musaraigne, le h\u00e9risson, le blaireau&#8230;), des oiseaux ( le merle), des reptiles et des batraciens ( grenouilles et crapauds).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i>&lt;&#8212;&#8212;-R\u00e9seau alimentaire du sol<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong><i><\/i><i><\/i>Comment les \u00e9tudier en classe ?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #99cc00\">Jeu de\u00a0 r\u00f4le:<\/span> \u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alterrebourgognefranchecomte.org\/_depot_alterrebourgogne\/_depot_arko\/articles\/288\/guidepeda-sols-fiche-9-le-cycle-de-la-matiere_doc.pdf\">https:\/\/www.alterrebourgognefranchecomte.org\/_depot_alterrebourgogne\/_depot_arko\/articles\/288\/guidepeda-sols-fiche-9-le-cycle-de-la-matiere_doc.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #99cc00\">Fabrication d&rsquo;une ferme \u00e0 lombric ou d&rsquo;un\u00a0 lombricompost :\u00a0<\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.transition-verte.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/lombricompost3.jpg\" alt=\"R\u00c3\u00a9sultat de recherche d'images pour &quot;fabrication d'un lombricomposteur&quot;\" width=\"245\" height=\"244\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #800000\"><strong>Connaissez-vous&#8230; ?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"sd-abs-pos\">\u00a0<\/span>\u00ab\u00a0Sous mes pieds\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;Emmanuelle Houssais<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/I\/51SD5SgT2LL._SX258_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg\" alt=\"R\u00c3\u00a9sultat de recherche d'images pour &quot;Sous mes pieds&quot;\" width=\"170\" height=\"170\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a0Pat le Mille-Pattes\u00a0\u00bb d&rsquo;Antoon Krings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"irc_mi aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com\/images\/I\/9186uAl1NlL.jpg\" alt=\"R\u00e9sultat de recherche d'images pour &quot;pat le mille pattes&quot;\" width=\"172\" height=\"175\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a0Ma vie de Ver de Terre\u00a0\u00bb de Doreen Cronin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"irc_mi aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.scholastic.ca\/hipoint\/648\/?src=9780439940917.jpg&amp;w=260\" alt=\"R\u00e9sultat de recherche d'images pour &quot;ma vie de ver de terre&quot;\" width=\"174\" height=\"230\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Une vid\u00e9o pour r\u00e9capituler\u2026!<\/span><\/strong><b><\/b><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pildGf5nMtg\"><b><\/b>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pildGf5nMtg<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #800000\">Petit quizz: devine qui suis-je ?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff6600\">Je mesure plus de 3 cm et je suis facilement reconnaissable gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 mes nombreuses pattes. Qui suis-je ?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffcc99\"><span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">Je fais parti de la grande famille des d\u00e9composeurs et une de mes particularit\u00e9s est que je suis stri\u00e9 de cercles. Qui suis-je ?<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #99cc00\">L&rsquo;automne, je suis la nourriture pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e des d\u00e9composeurs lorsque je tombe sur le sol. Qui suis-je ?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008080\">Je ressemble \u00e0 une petite souris mais je suis aussi un des ennemis des d\u00e9composeurs. Qui suis-je ?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>R\u00e9ponses <\/em>: <span style=\"color: #ff6600\">le mille-pattes<\/span> ; <span style=\"color: #ff99cc\">le ver de terre<\/span> ; <span style=\"color: #99cc00\">la feuille morte<\/span> ;<span style=\"color: #008080\"> la musaraigne<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nos sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maxicours.com\">http:\/\/www.maxicours.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.animateur-nature.com\/pedagogie\/les_decomposeurs.html\">https:\/\/www.animateur-nature.com\/pedagogie\/les_decomposeurs.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fondation-lamap.org\/sites\/default\/files\/upload\/media\/ressources\/activites\/11899\/module_foret2.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fondation-lamap.org\/sites\/default\/files\/upload\/media\/ressources\/activites\/11899\/module_foret2.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au sein de la for\u00eat vivent une multitude d&rsquo;animaux&#8230; Les plus nombreux sont ces petits \u00eatres qui se cachent sous nos pieds : les d\u00e9composeurs. &nbsp; Qui sont-ils ? Ces petits \u00eatres vivants assurent la d\u00e9composition de la mati\u00e8re organique (en particulier les feuilles mortes tomb\u00e9es au sol) et la transforment en mati\u00e8re min\u00e9rale. Parmi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":2812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[231],"tags":[],"coauthors":[172,151,194,63],"class_list":["post-2692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sciences"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Mille-pattes.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2692"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3642,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2692\/revisions\/3642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2692"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.espe-bretagne.fr\/prodm1vannes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}